Firstly, some simple explanation of photovoltaic cell (solar cell), solar panel and solar energy, so we can get better view of the subject we are examining.
Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a composite of glass, usually two different types of semiconductors, junction in the middle, and two terminals on the outside (negative and positive). Joined number of cells form solar panel. When photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials (such as silicon), negatively charged electrons are knocked loose from their atoms. This gives them independency of moving, and therefor they can stir in a single direction. Positively charged (protons) are moving in opposite direction. This interaction allows to capture solar energy for purpose of converting it into usable amount of direct current electricity.
Solar energy can be used in many applications, as for instance, water heating, heating, cooling and ventilation, cooking, process heating, vehicles, chemical, electrical generation and solar lightning.
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